Huawei chip scientist introduces "18-layer pagoda" theory for semiconductor architecture

Liao Heng, Huawei's chief scientist for semiconductors, unveiled in a rare public appearance a novel theoretical framework dividing the semiconductor industry into 18 strategic layers spanning from raw ore extraction to software applications. The theory proposes that chip development is fundamentally a systemic competition demanding multidisciplinary expertise capable of bridging multiple technological layers. Liao also praised DeepSeek's strategic pivot toward sparse activation architecture, characterizing it not as algorithmic fine-tuning but as a top-level design decision spanning both hardware and software domains. Huawei's Ascend chip lineage exemplifies this integrated approach, combining hardware optimizations with systemic coordination advantages in cluster deployments. Liao flagged an emerging shortage of hardware engineering talent, noting diminished student interest in processor design and computer architecture.